A multi-hazard framework for spatial-temporal impact analysis

This paper aims to provide a five-step conceptual framework analyze the impacts built environment from multi-hazard interactions. Our methodology includes critical literature review and stakeholder workshops. framework's five steps are following: (I) identify hazards their interactions, (II) modelling, (III) analysis of hazards' spatio-temporal evolution impacts, (IV) identification impact (V) risk or assessment. approach is based on systematic spatial temporal determine potential In Step IV, we classify spatial-temporal overlap hazard into four types: (i) overlapping, (ii) (but not spatial) (iii) overlapping (with residual subsequent damage), (iv) independent single hazards. Building current approaches guidelines, this generally applicable broad range hazards, both considers damage recovery processes. The applied real-world case study in Po Valley, Italy, hypothetical scenario an earthquake shock that weakens levee system, then combined with intense rain results collapse flood. application supported by visualization each step, useful key elements for modelling. Practical uses include creation checklists decision-making, narrowing future research needs risk, integrating aspects international disaster management guidelines. • We systematically organize available risk. present resulting take account dynamics at seismic flood Valley.